At the Dawn of a New Age: Early Twentieth-Century American Modernism

May 7, 2022–Feb 26, 2023


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Pamela Colman Smith

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Born 1878 in London, United Kingdom
Died 1951 in Bude, United Kingdom

In 1909, Pamela Colman Smith was commissioned to design a set of seventy-eight tarot cards by A. E. Waite, the leader of the Independent and Rectified Rite of the Golden Dawn, a secret, mystical society to which Smith belonged. Known as the Rider-Waite-Smith tarot deck, it was the first to feature fully illustrated, symbolic images on each card and integrated Judeo-Christian ideas into a visual vocabulary that often drew heavily on occult magic. Stylistically, the designs in the deck reflect the era’s widespread embrace of the sinuous, organic lines of Art Nouveau and the patterned, flowing patterns of Japanese prints. Smith used the style in her tarot cards and in watercolors such as The Wave to suggest the existence of a mystical occult world beyond the visible one.  

The Wave, c. 1903

An Art Nouveau style illustration depicting two ethereal female figures draped in flowing blue garments that merge with the sea below them. The background features a dark night sky over a tranquil sea with distant mountains, and the artwork is signed and dated 1903.
An Art Nouveau style illustration depicting two ethereal female figures draped in flowing blue garments that merge with the sea below them. The background features a dark night sky over a tranquil sea with distant mountains, and the artwork is signed and dated 1903.

Pamela Colman Smith, The Wave, 1903. Watercolor, brush and ink, and graphite pencil on paper, sheet: 10 1/4 × 17 3/4 in. (26 × 45.1 cm). Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; gift of Mrs. Sidney N. Heller 60.42


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