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Katherine Hubbard fashioned ten identical plastic boxes, each designed to accommodate a sheet of 4 x 5-inch film. At the base of each box, she cast a cement support that held the film at increasingly steep angles, from zero to ninety degrees. After positioning the film in each box, Hubbard filled the containers with water she collected from New York Harbor and, using a large freezer in her studio darkroom, froze the water, encasing the film in a block of ice. Once the ice had formed, she exposed each sheet of film using the light from an enlarger. Hubbard then left the ice to thaw, which took up to an entire day to completely melt and reveal the exposed film. After the film dried, she sent it to a lab for processing into negatives that she used to create the final prints.

Katherine Hubbard, Bend the rays more sharply (Photographic print made from a negative embedded in ice at increments of ten degrees between zero and ninety.) No. 1 of 10, from the series Bend the rays more sharply…, 2016. Gelatin silver print: sheet, 16 × 19 7/8 in. (40.6 × 50.5 cm); image, 8 × 10 1/4 in. (20.3 × 26 cm). Edition 4/5. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase with funds from the Photography Committee and Kristen Dickey and James Dooley 2020.135.1. © Katherine Hubbard
Katherine Hubbard, Bend the rays more sharply (Photographic print made from a negative embedded in ice at increments of ten degrees between zero and ninety.) No. 2 of 10 from the series Bend the rays more sharply…, 2016. Gelatin silver print, 8 × 10 1/4 in. (20.3 × 26 cm). Edition 4/5. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase with funds from the Photography Committee 2020.135.2. © Katherine Hubbard
Katherine Hubbard, Bend the rays more sharply (Photographic print made from a negative embedded in ice at increments of ten degrees between zero and ninety.) No. 3 of 10 from the series Bend the rays more sharply…, 2016. Gelatin silver print: sheet, 16 × 19 7/8 in. (40.6 × 50.5 cm); image, 8 × 10 1/4 in. (20.3 × 26 cm). Edition 4/5. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase with funds from the Photography Committee 2020.135.3. © Katherine Hubbard
Katherine Hubbard, Bend the rays more sharply (Photographic print made from a negative embedded in ice at increments of ten degrees between zero and ninety.) No. 4 of 10 from the series Bend the rays more sharply…, 2016. Gelatin silver print: sheet, 16 × 19 7/8 in. (40.6 × 50.5 cm); image, 8 × 10 1/4 in. (20.3 × 26 cm). Edition 4/5. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase with funds from the Photography Committee 2020.135.4. © Katherine Hubbard
Katherine Hubbard, Bend the rays more sharply (Photographic print made from a negative embedded in ice at increments of ten degrees between zero and ninety.) No. 5 of 10 from the series Bend the rays more sharply…, 2016. Gelatin silver print: sheet, 16 × 19 7/8 in. (40.6 × 50.5 cm); image, 8 × 10 1/4 in. (20.3 × 26 cm). Edition 4/5. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase with funds from the Photography Committee 2020.135.5. © Katherine Hubbard
Katherine Hubbard, Bend the rays more sharply (Photographic print made from a negative embedded in ice at increments of ten degrees between zero and ninety.) No. 6 of 10 from the series Bend the rays more sharply…, 2016. Gelatin silver print: sheet, 16 × 19 7/8 in. (40.6 × 50.5 cm); image, 8 × 10 1/4 in. (20.3 × 26 cm). Edition 4/5. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase with funds from the Photography Committee 2020.135.6. © Katherine Hubbard
Katherine Hubbard, Bend the rays more sharply (Photographic print made from a negative embedded in ice at increments of ten degrees between zero and ninety.) No. 7 of 10, from the series Bend the rays more sharply…, 2016. Gelatin silver print: sheet, 16 × 19 7/8 in. (40.6 × 50.5 cm); image, 8 × 10 1/4 in. (20.3 × 26 cm). Edition 4/5. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase with funds from the Photography Committee 2020.135.7. © Katherine Hubbard
Katherine Hubbard, Bend the rays more sharply (Photographic print made from a negative embedded in ice at increments of ten degrees between zero and ninety.) No. 8 of 10 from the series Bend the rays more sharply…, 2016. Gelatin silver print: sheet, 16 × 19 7/8 in. (40.6 × 50.5 cm); image, 8 × 10 1/4 in. (20.3 × 26 cm). Edition 4/5. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase with funds from the Photography Committee 2020.135.8. © Katherine Hubbard
Katherine Hubbard, Bend the rays more sharply (Photographic print made from a negative embedded in ice at increments of ten degrees between zero and ninety.) No. 9 of 10 from the series Bend the rays more sharply..., 2016. Gelatin silver print: sheet, 16 × 19 7/8 in. (40.6 × 50.5 cm); image, 8 × 10 1/4 in. (20.3 × 26 cm). Edition 4/5. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase with funds from the Photography Committee 2020.135.9. © Katherine Hubbard
Katherine Hubbard, Bend the rays more sharply (Photographic print made from a negative embedded in ice at increments of ten degrees between zero and ninety.) No. 10 of 10 from the series Bend the rays more sharply…, 2016. Gelatin silver print: sheet, 16 × 19 7/8 in. (40.6 × 50.5 cm); image, 8 × 10 1/4 in. (20.3 × 26 cm). Edition 4/5. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase with funds from the Photography Committee 2020.135.10. © Katherine Hubbard