Pacha, Llaqta, Wasichay: Indigenous Space, Modern Architecture, New Art

July 13–Sept 30, 2018

Pacha, Llaqta, Wasichay: Indigenous Space, Modern Architecture, New Art investigates contemporary art practices that preserve and foreground Indigenous American notions of the built environment and natural world. The three words in the exhibition’s title are Quechua, the Indigenous language most spoken in the Americas. Each holds more than one meaning: pacha denotes universe, time, space, nature, or world; llaqta signifies place, country, community, or town; and wasichay means to build or to construct a house. Influenced by the richness of these concepts, the artworks explore the conceptual frameworks inherited from, and also still alive in, Indigenous groups in Mexico and South America that include the Quechua, Aymara, Maya, Aztec, and Taíno, among others. 

The show features the work of seven emerging Latinx artists based in the United States and Puerto Rico: william cordova, Livia Corona Benjamin, Jorge González, Guadalupe Maravilla, Claudia Peña Salinas, Ronny Quevedo, and Clarissa Tossin. Their works investigate the complex relationship that indigenous and vernacular notions of construction, land, space, and cosmology have had in the history of modern and contemporary art and architecture in the Americas.

This exhibition is organized by Marcela Guerrero, assistant curator, with Alana Hernandez, curatorial project assistant.

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Pacha, Llaqta, Wasichay: Indigenous Space, Modern Architecture, New Art is part of the Whitney’s emerging artists program, sponsored by

Significant support for this exhibition is also provided by public funds from the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs in partnership with the City Council and by the Whitney’s National Committee.

Additional support is provided by AMEXCID with the Mexican Cultural Institute of New York, the Garcia Family Foundation, and an anonymous donor.

Curatorial research and travel were funded by the Steven & Alexandra Cohen Foundation.

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Clarissa Tossin

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Clarissa Tossin’s “archaeology of the present” explores the relationship between Indigenous civilizations and modern Los Angeles through the lenses of gender and appropriation, among other concepts.

In her video Ch’u Mayaa, Clarissa Tossin responds to Frank Lloyd Wright’s Hollyhock House (built 1919–21) in Los Angeles, a prime example of the Mayan Revival style. The choreography takes inspiration from the house’s architecture, as well as from gestures and poses on ancient Maya ceramics and buildings. The soundtrack includes a heartbeat, breathing, and pre-Columbian clay flute. By using Hollyhock House as a stage, Tossin echoes how Maya society would have used a temple or ceremonial structure. Tossin’s title is Yucatec Mayan for “Maya Blue,” the resilient bright blue pigment found in pottery and murals depicting dancers.

Clarissa Tossin based her sculptures Yaxchilán Lintel 25 (feathered serpent) on the Mayan Theater in Los Angeles, which includes exterior and interior ornamental work by Mexican painter and sculptor Francisco Cornejo. Some of his decorations loosely interpret Maya glyphs and figures while others adapt iconography from archaeological sites in Guatemala and Mexico. Tossin here asks us to see the 1927 building as a cultural site with particular meanings for both the city of Los Angeles and its large Mayan population. Her materials celebrate animals central to Maya cosmology but also suggest Hollywood productions: the quetzal feather and serpent skin are explicitly fake. Looking to pre-Columbian temples as sites of performance, Tossin seeks to “make the theater dance”; she cast parts of the facade in flesh-colored silicone and combined them with sculpted hands and feet derived from Maya ceramics. 

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Clarissa Tossin (b. 1973), still from Ch’u Mayaa, 2017

Three women posed in a line in front of a grey building.
Three women posed in a line in front of a grey building.

Clarissa Tossin (b. 1973), still from Ch’u Mayaa, 2017. Video, color, sound, 17:57 min. Originally commissioned and produced by the City of Los Angeles Department of Cultural Affairs for the exhibition Condemned to Be Modern at the Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery as part of the Getty’s Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA initiative. Choreographer/performer: Crystal Sepúlveda, cinematographer: Jeremy Glaholt. Image courtesy the artist

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A woman in a leopard suit scaling a wall
A woman in a leopard suit scaling a wall

Clarissa Tossin, still from Ch'u Mayaa, 2017. Video, color, sound, 17:56 min. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase, with funds from the Film and Video Committee 2019.320. © Clarissa Tossin

“The cultures that these artists are looking towards are not pre-Columbian, in the strict sense of the word, in terms that they're not frozen in time. They're not dead cultures, they're still very much alive.”
—Marcela Guerrero, assistant curator

Hear from the exhibition’s artists and curator about selected works from the exhibition.

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In the News

“As indicated by its Quechuan title, to describe the world and its structures in both nuanced yet manifold ways is, in turn, the central premise of this exhibition.”
—Cultbytes

On the Hour

A 30-second online art project:
Maya Man, A Realistic Day In My Life Living In New York City

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