Josh Kline: Project for a New American Century

Apr 19–Aug 13, 2023


Exhibition works

8 total
Contagious Unemployment
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Contagious Unemployment


A bank box is filled with personal items is incased in a glass virus shape and creates a shadow on the ground.
A bank box is filled with personal items is incased in a glass virus shape and creates a shadow on the ground.

Josh Kline, Contagious Unemployment (Best Wishes), 2016. Cardboard box, mixed media, plastic, hardware, cables, LEDs, and power cord, diameter: 26 in. (66 cm). Collection of the Carmel Barasch Family. © Josh Kline. Photograph by Paolo Saglia; image courtesy the artist and Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, Turin

Contagious Unemployment

Unemployment (2016), another chapter of Kline’s ongoing cycle, is a stark series of installations set in the 2030s or 2040s—a vision of a near-future in which automation has replaced the majority of administrative office jobs. The first installation, Contagious Unemployment (2016), comprises six transparent sculptures in the shape of common viruses; each contains a cardboard box filled with the kind of personal items that white-collar workers keep at their desks and take with them when they are laid off. Together, the family photos, mugs, and other objects within each sculpture serve as a fictional portrait of a middle-class professional who has recently lost their job. 

For the artist, the metaphor of unemployment as contagion resonates with the experience of ostracism and shame so many workers feel after losing their jobs. Made four years before the Covid-19 pandemic, the Contagious Unemployment works also speak to how in the United States one’s health and access to health care are often dependent on employment status, and how illness or disability can be an obstacle to obtaining or retaining work.

A file box filled with personal items including a framed picture of a child all encapsulated in a transparent shape of a virus.
A file box filled with personal items including a framed picture of a child all encapsulated in a transparent shape of a virus.

Josh Kline, Contagious Unemployment (All the Best), 2016. Cardboard file box, mixed media, plastic, hardware, cables, LEDs, and power cord, diameter: 26 in. (66 cm). Rubell Museum, Miami. © Josh Kline. Photograph by Joerg Lohse; image courtesy the artist and 47 Canal, New York

Josh Kline, Contagious Unemployment (All the Best), 2016

A file box suspended within the transparent shape of a virus.
A file box suspended within the transparent shape of a virus.

Josh Kline, Contagious Unemployment (Many Thanks), 2016. Cardboard file box, mixed media, plastic, hardware, cables, LEDs, and power cord, diameter: 27 in. (68.6 cm). Collection of Lonti Ebers. © Josh Kline. Photograph by Joerg Lohse; image courtesy the artist and 47 Canal, New York

Josh Kline, Contagious Unemployment (Many Thanks), 2016

A file box filled with personal items suspended in a transparent shape of a virus.
A file box filled with personal items suspended in a transparent shape of a virus.

Josh Kline, Contagious Unemployment (Talk Soon), 2016. Cardboard file box, mixed media, plastic, hardware, cables, LEDs, and power cord, diameter: 26 in. (66 cm). Private collection. © Josh Kline. Photograph by Paolo Saglia; image courtesy the artist and Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, Turin

Josh Kline, Contagious Unemployment (Talk Soon), 2016



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Frank WANG Yefeng, The Levitating Perils #2

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