{"data":{"id":"5463","type":"artwork","attributes":{"id":5463,"topgoose_id":7710,"portfolio_id":null,"tms_id":5463,"title":"Three Red X Within X","display_artist_text":"Robert Mangold","display_date":"1981","accession_number":"83.4a-c","dimensions":"Overall: 109 7/8 × 109 in. (279.1 × 276.9 cm)","medium":"Acrylic and carbon pencil on canvas, three parts","department":"collection","classification":"Paintings","credit_line":"Purchase, with funds from the Painting and Sculpture Committee","is_virtual":false,"is_portfolio":false,"portfolio_tms_id":null,"portfolio":null,"edition":null,"publication_info":"","description":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Mangold, \u003cem\u003eThree Red X Within X\u003c/em\u003e, 1981. Acrylic and carbon pencil on canvas, three parts, overall: 109 7/8 × 109 in. (279.1 × 276.9 cm). Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; purchase, with funds from the Painting and Sculpture Committee 83.4a-c. © Robert Mangold / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York\u003c/p\u003e","object_label":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1980, Robert Mangold began his \u003ci\u003eX\u003c/i\u003e series, completed the following year. Like his earlier geometric paintings, these works are composed of simple, yet sophisticated combinations of colors and forms that he first explored through sketches. The \u003ci\u003eX\u003c/i\u003e series, however, marks the first time that Mangold focused exclusively on the cruciform shape. \u003ci\u003eThree Red X Within X\u003c/i\u003e and the other works in the series are fashioned out of multiple panels that the artist joined together to create a unified composition; pencil-drawn lines run across the sections, linking together the panels and rendering them visually continuous. In his previous work, Mangold had incorporated x forms within a larger composition; by shifting to a format in which the entire canvas is shaped into this symbol, the \u003ci\u003eX\u003c/i\u003e series recalls modernist precedents—especially the Russian Constructivists and de Stijl painters, who sought to integrate their geometric canvases into the space of the viewer, creating a universally accessible aesthetic language.\u003c/p\u003e","ai_alt_text":"Two overlapping red rectangular panels form a cross on a white background.","alt_text":null,"visual_description":null,"on_view":false,"created_at":"2017-08-30T16:17:32.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-02-06T12:00:10.319-05:00","images":[{"id":97025,"url":"https://whitneymedia.org/assets/artwork/5463/83_4a-c_cropped.jpg"}]},"relationships":{"artists":{"data":[{"id":"827","type":"artist"}]}}}}