{"data":{"id":"361","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":361,"topgoose_id":2403,"tms_id":361,"display_name":"Jim Dine","sort_name":"Dine Jim","display_date":"1935–","begin_date":"1935","end_date":"0","biography":"\u003cp\u003eJim Dine rose to fame in the early 1960s as a leading exponent of Pop art, based on his use of everyday household objects as subject matter. Arriving in New York in 1959, he associated with a group of downtown artists who were challenging the boundaries of art by creating assemblages and environments out of urban debris. In January 1960 he debuted his first environment in a two-person show with \u003ca href=\"/artists/964\"\u003eClaes Oldenburg\u003c/a\u003e at the Judson Gallery, in New York’s Greenwich Village. Dine’s environment, \u003cem\u003eThe House\u003c/em\u003e, was a dense accretion of paint-splattered rags, paper, found objects, scrawled words, and painted images. A month later he used the environment as the set for his first Happening, a demonic performance lasting slightly more than thirty seconds, in which questions of identity and fear of an unknown yet ever-present danger predominated.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"/collection/works/2462\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Black Rainbow\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ecomes from\nthis period and deals with many of the same\nthemes. As with Dine’s contemporaneous\nenvironments and performances,\nthe work’s imagery derived from the artist’s\ndreams and unconscious. “It was me\npainting out my history,” as Dine put it.\nSubstituting cast-off cardboard for canvas,\nand using the expressive paint handling\nof the Abstract Expressionists to\nwhom Dine tied himself “like fathers and\nsons,” the work communicates melancholy,\nhuman fragility, and foreboding—themes\nthat Dine would continue to explore\nin his subsequent Pop art works, even\nas his means for expressing his emotions\nshifted to manufactured products\nsuch as tools, bathroom fixtures, and\narticles of clothing.\u003c/p\u003e","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500028463","wikidata_id":"Q531234","created_at":"2017-08-30T17:21:25.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-04-13T07:02:00.180-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/361/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/361/exhibitions"}}}}