{"data":{"id":"21","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":21,"topgoose_id":72,"tms_id":21,"display_name":"Carl Andre","sort_name":"Andre Carl","display_date":"1935–2024","begin_date":"1935","end_date":"2024","biography":"\u003cp\u003eIn the mid-1960s Carl Andre began making\nthree-dimensional works using materials\nsuch as wood, bricks, metal, and precut\nstone, ordered directly from suppliers.\nHis commitment to utilizing standardized\nelements and modular, repeating units\naligned his practice with Minimalism, yet he\npreferred to call himself a “post-studio artist”\nbecause he conceived and arranged his\nworks on site, in gallery settings, private\nhomes, or public spaces. Instead of viewing\nthe sculptural material as something to\nbe cut into, Andre determined rather to “use\nthe material as the cut in space.” He rejected\ntraditional sculpture’s vertical orientation\nand its relationship to upright human bodies.\nHorizontal works, he argued, “run along\nthe earth,” like a road, and indeed his floor\nworks are meant to be walked upon. In fact,\nthe artist once described the road as his\n“ideal piece of sculpture.”\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"/collection/works/1986\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTwenty-Ninth Copper Cardinal\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\nis composed of twenty-nine copper plates\narranged one after the other, extending\noutward from the base of a wall in a\nstraight line along the floor. This narrow,\nflat sculpture belongs to a larger series\nof \u003cem\u003eCopper Cardinal\u003c/em\u003e works, begun in\n1973. The configuration of each work in\nthe series—either linear, square, or\nrectangular—depends on the number of\nunits designated for it. Prime numbers\nof units, such as twenty-nine, are always\nplaced in a line, whereas divisible numbers\nof units are arranged in rectangles or\nsquares. By allowing spectators to\nwalk on his floor pieces, Andre extends\nthe viewer’s perceptual and physical\nunderstanding of sculpture. When standing\ntoward the middle of \u003cem\u003eTwenty-Ninth\nCopper Cardinal\u003c/em\u003e, the sculpture can appear\nto fall out of view or to extend beyond\nits visible boundaries.\u003c/p\u003e","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500011651","wikidata_id":"Q315348","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:28:01.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-04-23T01:30:45.867-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/21/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/21/exhibitions"}}}}