{"data":[{"id":"4356","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":4356,"topgoose_id":869,"tms_id":4356,"display_name":"Philip Reisman","sort_name":"Reisman Philip","display_date":"1904–1992","begin_date":"1904","end_date":"1992","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500052041","wikidata_id":"Q43135765","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:56.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:54:01.270-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/4356/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/4356/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"1084","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":1084,"topgoose_id":867,"tms_id":1084,"display_name":"Ad Reinhardt","sort_name":"Reinhardt Ad","display_date":"1913–1967","begin_date":"1913","end_date":"1967","biography":"\u003cp\u003eA prominent member of the mid-twentieth-century New York avant-garde, Ad Reinhardt\ndistanced himself from his Abstract\nExpressionist contemporaries by focusing\non the formal relationships within a work\nrather than compositions that emphasize\nself-expression. His writings, lectures,\nand artistic output are distinguished by a\nphilosophical meditation on the meaning\nof abstraction and the virtues of art-for-art’s-\nsake, or, as he termed it, “art-as-art.”\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReinhardt often expressed his views in the form of cartoon collages he published in select newspapers and journals.\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"/collection/works/397\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMuseum Landscape\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003esatirizes the art world’s liberal use of the term abstraction by taking aim at the Whitney Museum’s 1950 Annual. Featuring collage elements from a review that declared, “Abstraction Crowned at Whitney Annual,” the work depicts, among other elements, finger paints as the medium of \u003ca href=\"/artists/1039\"\u003eJackson Pollock\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"/artists/339\"\u003eWillem de Kooning\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReinhardt’s search for a “pure”\nabstract art culminated with his “black”\npaintings. Beginning in 1956 he worked\nexclusively with five-by-five-foot square\ncanvases featuring dark, matte, hand-\npainted surfaces. The somber variations of\u003ca href=\"/collection/works/11686\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eAbstract Painting\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e’s nine extraordinarily\nsubtle black-on-black squares are\nperceptible only through sustained viewing\nand are lost in reproduction. The only\nviable experience, Reinhardt felt, was in\ncontemplating the actual painting.\nIn their elimination of subject matter and\npersonal expression, these works not\nonly represented a distilled vision of art\nbut also prefigured the concerns of\nMinimalists whose work would gain traction\nin the 1960s and 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500013982","wikidata_id":"Q345569","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:44.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:52:02.593-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/1084/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/1084/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"1083","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":1083,"topgoose_id":866,"tms_id":1083,"display_name":"William Reimann","sort_name":"Reimann William","display_date":"1935–","begin_date":"1935","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500465155","wikidata_id":"Q77353062","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:43.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:51:02.103-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/1083/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/1083/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"7613","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":7613,"topgoose_id":865,"tms_id":7613,"display_name":"Laurie Reid","sort_name":"Reid Laurie","display_date":"1964–","begin_date":"1964","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500114665","wikidata_id":"Q29051345","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:42.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:50:02.218-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/7613/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/7613/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"13391","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":13391,"topgoose_id":864,"tms_id":13391,"display_name":"Steve Reich","sort_name":"Reich Steve","display_date":"1936–","begin_date":"1936","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":false,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500352228","wikidata_id":"Q262791","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:42.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:49:02.805-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/13391/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/13391/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"1081","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":1081,"topgoose_id":863,"tms_id":1081,"display_name":"Murray Reich","sort_name":"Reich Murray","display_date":"1932–2012","begin_date":"1932","end_date":"2012","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":null,"wikidata_id":"Q64532669","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:41.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:48:01.005-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/1081/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/1081/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"1079","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":1079,"topgoose_id":860,"tms_id":1079,"display_name":"Anton Refregier","sort_name":"Refregier Anton","display_date":"1905–1979","begin_date":"1905","end_date":"1979","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500075610","wikidata_id":"Q3924184","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:38.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:46:01.825-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/1079/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/1079/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"3435","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":3435,"topgoose_id":859,"tms_id":3435,"display_name":"Michael Rees","sort_name":"Rees Michael","display_date":"1958–","begin_date":"1958","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":null,"wikidata_id":"Q6833795","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:37.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:45:01.733-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/3435/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/3435/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"1078","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":1078,"topgoose_id":858,"tms_id":1078,"display_name":"Robert Reed","sort_name":"Reed Robert","display_date":"1938–2014","begin_date":"1938","end_date":"2014","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500003429","wikidata_id":"Q55631850","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:36.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:44:01.498-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/1078/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/1078/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"8092","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":8092,"topgoose_id":855,"tms_id":8092,"display_name":"Erwin Redl","sort_name":"Redl Erwin","display_date":"1963–","begin_date":"1963","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500330074","wikidata_id":"Q1363354","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:35.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:41:01.865-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/8092/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/8092/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"1077","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":1077,"topgoose_id":854,"tms_id":1077,"display_name":"Edward Redfield","sort_name":"Redfield Edward","display_date":"1869–1965","begin_date":"1869","end_date":"1965","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":null,"wikidata_id":"Q3048654","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:35.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:40:02.023-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/1077/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/1077/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"1076","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":1076,"topgoose_id":853,"tms_id":1076,"display_name":"Bernard Reder","sort_name":"Reder Bernard","display_date":"1897–1963","begin_date":"1897","end_date":"1963","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500195493","wikidata_id":"Q4893580","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:30.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:39:02.874-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/1076/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/1076/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"7954","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":7954,"topgoose_id":852,"tms_id":7954,"display_name":"Luis Recoder","sort_name":"Recoder Luis","display_date":"1971–","begin_date":"1971","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500122613","wikidata_id":"Q136575044","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:29.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:38:01.965-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/7954/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/7954/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"3652","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":3652,"topgoose_id":850,"tms_id":3652,"display_name":"Charles Ray","sort_name":"Ray Charles","display_date":"1953–","begin_date":"1953","end_date":"0","biography":"\u003cp\u003eSince the early 1970s, Charles Ray’s\nstylistically varied body of sculptures,\nphotographs, films, and performances has\nchallenged viewers’ expectations of\nartworks and destabilized their perceptions\nof visual and physical phenomena.\nThe Los Angeles–based artist makes use\nof humor, provocative subject matter,\nand surprising distortions of scale, and\nfrequently involves the human body\nas a central element in his work. He began\nusing himself as a subject in projects\nwhile still a student, as in a sculpture\nfrom 1973 in which he pinned his own body\nto a gallery wall with a large wooden\nplank; in a 1978 performance, he hung\nfrom a tree limb.\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRay’s sculptures of people and\nobjects often employ significant\nmanipulations of scale to confound art-\nhistorical traditions as well as social norms,\nat times sending up stereotypes of middle-\nclass American life. Encountering \u003ca href=\"/collection/works/8279\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBoy\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, for\nexample, one is startled by the sculpture’s\nsize: uncannily realistic, it looks like\nan ordinary department-store mannequin,\nbut the child is as tall as a grown male\n(in fact, he is exactly Ray’s height). The boy’s\nadult stance and gesture—reminiscent\nof a politician or an orator—are incompatible\nwith his youthful visage, knee socks, and\nshort pants, further intensifying the effect\nof disorientation. At once prepubescent\nand adult, familiar and enigmatic, innocent\nand perverse, \u003cem\u003eBoy\u003c/em\u003e unsettles our sense\nof space and subjectivity. “You start reading\nthe narrative, reading the story,” Ray has\nexplained about his conception of a viewer’s\ninteraction with one of his sculptures.\n“You know what your relationship is to it,\neven if you don’t understand it.”\u003c/p\u003e","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500118700","wikidata_id":"Q872846","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:26.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:36:02.228-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/3652/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/3652/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"13654","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":13654,"topgoose_id":849,"tms_id":13654,"display_name":"Lucy Raven","sort_name":"Raven Lucy","display_date":"1977–","begin_date":"1977","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500404095","wikidata_id":"Q55219677","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:26.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:35:01.539-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/13654/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/13654/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"1074","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":1074,"topgoose_id":848,"tms_id":1074,"display_name":"Robert Rauschenberg","sort_name":"Rauschenberg Robert","display_date":"1925–2008","begin_date":"1925","end_date":"2008","biography":"\u003cp\u003eThroughout a career that spanned more\nthan half a century, Robert Rauschenberg\nremained a relentlessly pioneering figure\nin American art. Employing a cross-\ndisciplinary approach, he inventively fused\npainting, sculpture, collage, photography,\nand printmaking into new, hybrid forms.\nHis interest in using everyday items in his\nwork—perhaps developed in reaction\nto the formal investigations of his Abstract\nExpressionist predecessors—led him to\nincorporate an array of found imagery and\nobjects culled from the world around\nhim. As he famously stated: “Painting relates\nto both art and life. . . . I try to act in that\ngap between the two.”\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn \u003ca href=\"/collection/works/8\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eYoicks\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, created in 1954, the artist\nlayered red paint, fabric, and newspaper,\nechoing the innovations of early twentieth-\ncentury Dada collage and signaling\nthe growing importance of assemblage\ntechniques in the 1950s. That same\nyear Rauschenberg embarked on a body\nof works referred to as “Combines”—\ncompositions that contain aspects of both\npainting and sculpture. These explorations\nbegan with Combine paintings, which\nwere mounted on the wall, and later\nshifted to emphatically three-dimensional,\nfreestanding works. In the Combine painting\n\u003ca href=\"/collection/works/7506\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSatellite\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e the artist included a stuffed\npheasant, delicately perched atop the work,\nand embedded a pair of socks, among\nother items, within the composition. “A pair\nof socks,” he later asserted, “is no less\nsuitable to make a painting with than wood,\nnails, turpentine, oil, and fabric.” Although\nhe resisted specific interpretations of\nthese works, Rauschenberg acknowledged\nthat his choice of materials was in part\na reflection of postwar American culture:\n“I was bombarded with TV sets and\nmagazines, by the refuse, by the excess\nof the world. . . . I thought that if I could paint\nor make an honest work, it should\nincorporate all of these elements, which\nwere and are a reality.”\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the early 1970s, after relocating\nfrom New York to Captiva, Florida, Rauschenberg turned his attention to\nworking with found cardboard boxes. As he\nlater explained: “When I moved to Florida . . .\nI thought, okay . . . [I] can’t be dependent\non the surplus and refuse of an urban\nsociety. So, what material, no matter where\nI was in the world, would be available?\nCardboard boxes! It was sort of a practical,\nrational decision.” With minimal manipulation\nand no decorative flourishes, Rauschenberg\ncombined the boxes into a series of\nwall sculptures called the \u003cem\u003eCardboards\u003c/em\u003e.\nWhile renewing his long-standing interest in\ncollage-based work, his emphasis on a\nmore straightforward formal engagement\nwith the humble medium connects the\nwork to the approach and modest materials\nof the Arte Povera artists working in Italy\nduring the late 1960s and early 1970s.\u003cem\u003e\n\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"/collection/works/46714\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGlass/Channel/Via Panama (Cardboard)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\nfeatures five wall-mounted and freestanding\ncartons with lettering and markings\ndenoting their former contents and origins,\nincluding “Fragile Glass” and “New York\nvia Panama.”\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\nIn the \u003cem\u003eCardboards\u003c/em\u003e, as with most\nof his work, Rauschenberg resisted\nrepeating the tropes of earlier movements,\nas well as his peers’ predilection for\nthe Minimalist cube, explaining with his\nsignature wit: “The cardboard was\nreally stubborn and attempted to make me\na cubist, and I wouldn’t let it happen.”\nThe series thus marked yet another period\nof active experimentation in a prolific\ncareer that left an indelible mark on\ntwentieth-century art.\u003c/p\u003e","on_view":true,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500002941","wikidata_id":"Q164358","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:04.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:34:03.992-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/1074/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/1074/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"3965","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":3965,"topgoose_id":845,"tms_id":3965,"display_name":"Augusta Rathbone","sort_name":"Rathbone Augusta","display_date":"1897–1990","begin_date":"1897","end_date":"1990","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":false,"collection":true,"ulan_id":null,"wikidata_id":"Q90657414","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:01.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:31:01.834-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/3965/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/3965/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"4551","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":4551,"topgoose_id":844,"tms_id":4551,"display_name":"Alan Rath","sort_name":"Rath Alan","display_date":"1959–2020","begin_date":"1959","end_date":"2020","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500115966","wikidata_id":"Q37609978","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:55:00.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:30:01.580-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/4551/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/4551/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"1072","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":1072,"topgoose_id":843,"tms_id":1072,"display_name":"Daniel Rasmusson","sort_name":"Rasmusson Daniel","display_date":"1913–","begin_date":"1913","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":null,"wikidata_id":"Q97071034","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:54:59.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:29:00.887-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/1072/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/1072/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"4036","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":4036,"topgoose_id":842,"tms_id":4036,"display_name":"Mel Ramos","sort_name":"Ramos Mel","display_date":"1935–2018","begin_date":"1935","end_date":"2018","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":false,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500012930","wikidata_id":"Q930286","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:54:56.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:28:02.368-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/4036/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/4036/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"8817","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":8817,"topgoose_id":841,"tms_id":8817,"display_name":"Paul Henry Ramirez","sort_name":"Ramirez Paul Henry","display_date":"1963–","begin_date":"1963","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":false,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500333138","wikidata_id":"Q26251185","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:54:55.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:27:02.680-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/8817/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/8817/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"1070","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":1070,"topgoose_id":840,"tms_id":1070,"display_name":"Christina Ramberg","sort_name":"Ramberg Christina","display_date":"1946–1995","begin_date":"1946","end_date":"1995","biography":"\u003cp\u003eAssociated with the Chicago Imagists\nas well as the Hairy Who group of artists,\nChristina Ramberg is best known for\nher discomfiting paintings of female torsos\ncompleted in the 1970s. Rendered in\nprofile and tightly cropped by the edges\nof the canvas to create a sense of\nvoyeuristic intimacy, the disembodied\nfigures are bound, corseted, and bandaged\nin outfits that variously recall 1950s\nlingerie, sadomasochistic bondage, or the\nbionic prosthetics of the future. Recounting\nthe childhood experience of watching\nher mother dress for parties, Ramberg\nwould wear a foundation garment referred\nto as a “merry widow,” and recalled\nthat “the paintings have a lot to do with this,\nwith watching and realizing that these\nundergarments totally transform a woman’s\nbody. . . . I thought it was fascinating . . .\nin some ways, I thought it was awful.”\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\nIn \u003ca href=\"/collection/works/514\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIstrian River Lady\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, a figure wears a\nlong-sleeved bustier covered in what\nappear to be scales and trimmed\nwith hair. The bustier squeezes the chest\nto an unnatural point. Soft curves\nof flesh swell over the hard edges of\nthe outfit, and three loose stitches\nare visible where a seam is bursting at\nthe figure’s shoulder. Ramberg’s\npaintings betray her conflicted reaction\nto her mother’s undergarments: it is\nunclear whether the garments are sources\nof power or restraints that limit it.\nRejecting readings of her work as either\nfeminist or erotically festishistic, Ramberg\nshifted her subject in the late 1970s\nfrom the recognizable female form to an\nambiguous, androgynous cyborg.\u003c/p\u003e","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500090068","wikidata_id":"Q16750233","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:54:54.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:26:01.724-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/1070/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/1070/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"12527","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":12527,"topgoose_id":839,"tms_id":12527,"display_name":"Yvonne Rainer","sort_name":"Rainer Yvonne","display_date":"1934–","begin_date":"1934","end_date":"0","biography":"\u003cp\u003eYvonne Rainer has worked as a dancer,\nchoreographer, filmmaker, and writer for\nmore than fifty years. In 1962 she cofounded\nthe Judson Dance Theater, a loose\ncollective of choreographers who ushered\nin the era of postmodern dance through the\ncooperative efforts of dancers, artists,\nand musicians. Gathering in the Greenwich\nVillage basement of the Judson Memorial\nChurch, the participants championed\npedestrian actions and the use of everyday\nobjects, and they accepted nondancers\nonto the stage, a space that was not always\nclearly demarcated from where the\naudience sat.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\nBetween 1966 and 1969 Rainer\nmade five short 8mm and 16mm black-and-\nwhite films. She incorporated them into\nlive multimedia performances, but they were\notherwise rarely seen prior to their 2004\nrelease under the overarching title\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"/collection/works/37652\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFive Easy\nPieces\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. In the opening seconds of Rainer’s\nfirst film, \u003cem\u003eHand Movie\u003c/em\u003e, the back of the\ndancer’s hand appears against a neutral\nbackground, filling the camera frame from\nfingertip at the top to wrist at the bottom\nedge. Isolated from the rest of her body,\nthe hand’s components—wrist, palm,\nand five fingers—move as a dancer might:\nit contracts and extends; it stretches,\nturns, and bends at the joints. The fingers\nmove in isolation, press together, or spread\napart. The tendons push against the\nskin as the hand flexes and disappear\nwhen it goes slack.\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Hand Movie\u003c/em\u003e emerged\nfrom severely limiting circumstances.\nRainer made it with the help of fellow dancer\nWilliam Davis while convalescing in the\nhospital after a life-threatening illness and\nsurgery. “I was very ill,” Rainer explained,\n“but I could move my hand.”\u003c/p\u003e","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500104494","wikidata_id":"Q452238","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:54:53.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:25:02.603-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/12527/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/12527/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"8833","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":8833,"topgoose_id":838,"tms_id":8833,"display_name":"Andrew Raftery","sort_name":"Raftery Andrew","display_date":"1962–","begin_date":"1962","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":false,"collection":true,"ulan_id":null,"wikidata_id":"Q20011451","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:54:53.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:24:02.276-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/8833/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/8833/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"11773","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":11773,"topgoose_id":837,"tms_id":11773,"display_name":"Sara Greenberger Rafferty","sort_name":"Rafferty Sara Greenberger","display_date":"1978–","begin_date":"1978","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500471146","wikidata_id":"Q23415351","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:54:52.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:23:02.001-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/11773/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/11773/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"1069","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":1069,"topgoose_id":836,"tms_id":1069,"display_name":"Joseph Raffael","sort_name":"Raffael Joseph","display_date":"1933–","begin_date":"1933","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":null,"wikidata_id":"Q2390275","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:54:51.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:22:02.147-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/1069/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/1069/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"1067","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":1067,"topgoose_id":834,"tms_id":1067,"display_name":"Leo Rabkin","sort_name":"Rabkin Leo","display_date":"1919–2015","begin_date":"1919","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":null,"wikidata_id":"Q28784581","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:54:49.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:20:01.342-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/1067/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/1067/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"5052","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":5052,"topgoose_id":833,"tms_id":5052,"display_name":"Raquel Rabinovich","sort_name":"Rabinovich Raquel","display_date":"1929–2025","begin_date":"1929","end_date":"2025","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":false,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500088738","wikidata_id":"Q63090034","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:54:48.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:19:02.276-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/5052/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/5052/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"7881","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":7881,"topgoose_id":832,"tms_id":7881,"display_name":"Walid Raad","sort_name":"Raad Walid","display_date":"1967–","begin_date":"1967","end_date":"0","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":true,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500114662","wikidata_id":"Q567772","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:54:47.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:18:02.150-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/7881/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/7881/exhibitions"}}},{"id":"12379","type":"artist","attributes":{"id":12379,"topgoose_id":831,"tms_id":12379,"display_name":"Arthur Szyk","sort_name":"Szyk Arthur","display_date":"1894–1951","begin_date":"1894","end_date":"1951","biography":"","on_view":false,"artport":false,"biennial":false,"collection":true,"ulan_id":"500079362","wikidata_id":"Q711673","created_at":"2017-08-30T15:52:57.000-04:00","updated_at":"2026-06-09T03:17:01.993-04:00","links":{"artworks":"/api/artists/12379/artworks","exhibitions":"/api/artists/12379/exhibitions"}}}],"meta":{"total":6999},"links":{"prev":null,"next":"https://whitney.org/api/artists?page=2","first":"https://whitney.org/api/artists?page=1","last":"https://whitney.org/api/artists?page=234"}}